FWIW:
Just one (1) experience in seeing cast iron successfully welded.
In my opinion, welding cast iron was very successfully accomplished not too long ago by the few who had the will to learn it & the talent, patience, & more importantly the intelligence to do it.
I knew two (2) industrial machinist brothers who successfully welded many cast iron engine blocks, parts, gears, etc.
The last brother died about 10 years ago at age 92. They both explained to me that they never welded cold cast iron; however, for large items, the area around the weld had to be slowly pre-heated & slowly allowed to cool.
For small items, the whole item was heated because if not, the cast iron surrounding the weld would rapidly cool, contract, & crack because of cast iron having very little tensile strength.
In my opinion it is similar to taking 1,000 American brick & stone masons to Europe, show them any nice ornate 15th century cathedral, tell them you want one just like that, & watch the 1,000 jaws drop.
We can "see" it definitely was done all over Europe by humans over 600 years ago with "simple" hand tools & no computers.
There are an infinite number of reasons why this level of craftsmanship, knowledge, & patience could be accomplished by maybe only one in a million masons today.