The Professor ("Old Henry") put this to rest a couple of years ago with a controlled, scientific test. Check out this thread starting at post #30 :
http://www.fordbarn.com/forum/showthread.php?t=123032&highlight=Evaporust&page=2
Here is the conclusion of that test for anyone interested (Post # 45)
Test is ended. Here are the results after 4 days of soaking:
Evapo-Rust on the left. Vinegar on the right.
And after a quick wipe with my finger inside of both pumps, there is no residue from the Evapo-Rust whereas the vinegar has left substantial not changed much in the last 36 hours.
36 hours ago (from Post # 44):
Also note that the vinegar ate the paint off of the right pump and then the metal rusted after the paint was gone. Not good in my opinion. (First picture from post # 1 before any treatment. All paint still on the right pump.)
I checked the warts with a magnet then scraped some off after the test was concluded and they were nothing but solid rust, not calcium nor lime deposits.
Another noticeable difference is that the Evapo-Rust solution is still totally clear with just a few black particles at the bottom, probably dirt from the outside of the pump.
Whereas, the vinegar solution is cloudy and milky rust colored.
My conclusions:
1. The Evapo-Rust is far superior to plain vinegar. It does any and all that vinegar does and more and leaves the metal and the solution clear and clean.
2. Acid may do some good but not enough when compared to the bad it also does at the same time. I figured out later that the reason the vinegar quit working is that it lost its acidity. Three pints of vinegar was somehow neutralized by just the intake of the water pump sitting in it for a few days. It wore out before it even finished the job. Such doesn't predict very good results in an engine block where the ratio of metal to vinegar is even higher making it even more likely that the vinegar would be neutralized before it finished its job.
3. The thick deposits were not any kind of calcium or lime deposits. I checked them with a magnet then scraped some off (after the test was concluded) and they were nothing but solid rust.
4. Neither approach creates any "chunks" of stuff that needs to be filtered out by putting some kind of filter in the radiator to keep it from plugging up. Anything suspended in either solution will be flushed out by a good back flushing (which any filter would keep from working.) When I say "good back flushing" I mean this kind:
http://www.fordbarn.com/forum/showthread.php?t=83557
5. Although the Evapo-rust costs more - $60.00 for 5 gallons compared to $25.00 for the vinegar - it can be reused over and over again for up to 300 lbs. of rusted steel per gallon giving additional value for the additional cost.
Next summer, when it gets time to start worrying about overheating, I'll take the radiator hoses off of the top of the heads and look down inside to see if I see any rust or corrosion even though my engine rebuilder said he "boiled it out" just in June. If there's anything I'll put in the Evapo-Rust, run it for a few days, then look in to see if the rust is all gone.
Another interesting thing I learned about Evapo-Rust from my research - you'll notice that there is a slight darkening of the metal after being cleaned by Evapo-Rust. Here is the explanation of that from the Evapo-Rust site:
"The black film is carbon from the steel. Steel is composed of a combination of carbon and iron. In certain instances, steel will darken in color after rust has been removed from the surface of the metal. This is a natural phenomenon that chemists refer to as “carbon migration”. The carbon from the steel moves, or “migrates”, to the outer layer of the metal and settles into the pores. The removal of the rust (iron oxide) reduces the proportion of iron to carbon, leaving a higher concentration of carbon on the outer surface. This heavier layer of carbon could cause a darkening of the metal due to the attributes of the carbon. The darkening does not have an adverse affect on the metal. It merely represents the movement of carbon from the interior of the metal to the exterior of the metal."
And, from another part of their site I learned that the black carbon layer turns out to be a good thing as it is a rust barrier from future or further rust whereas, metal cleaned by acid is susceptible to "flash rust" or rust that forms almost immediately when the metal in exposed to air. Possibly why the right pump is red in the pictures after I just take it out of the vinegar and rinse it with water.