I'll attempt to provide a useful answer and hopefully be able to help. My apologies in advance if this isn't helpful.
In order for DC current to flow through a wire, there has to be a current "loop". In other words, there has to be a complete circle, like driving around the block. There is a + and a - terminal on the battery. Current flows from the - terminal to the + terminal to create a circuit.
For example (in a positive ground stock system), to illuminate your dash light, current flows from the - terminal of the battery, through the large cable to the starter, through the yellow wire you mentioned, through the light switch, through the light filaments, through the light holder, through the body, through the chassis, and back to the battery + terminal.
Well, let's look at the current flow for the starter itself when starting the car- Current flows from the battery - terminal through the start switch, through the starter motor, through the starter case to the motor, through the chassis, and back to the battery + terminal. NOWHERE in that loop is the yellow wire included, thus no current flowing through the yellow wire to start the car. The only current flowing through the yellow wire if for the car's other electrical stuff, like the lights, ignition, etc. That current is very low compared to the starter current.