From our friend, Mr. Google:
There are actually two ways to calibrate a mechanical speedometer. The ratio of the drive and driven gears in the transmission (or transfer case) can be changed, or you can install a reduction or overdrive calibration box between the cable and the driven gear. The simplest method is possible when only the speedometer driven gear needs to be changed. In some cases, the driven gear is not available small enough or large enough to complete the calibration, and the drive gear on the transmission output shaft must be changed. This is not easy due to the fact that the tailshaft of the transmission (or transfer case) must be removed to access the drive gear. An alternative is to install a custom made “calibration box” between the cable and the driven gear. This is a simple bolt-in procedure and the parts can be found at your local speedometer shop or by mail order.