I'm pretty sure the packets only came in the open cars and pickups, which had sealed door tops, except for the small side curtain rod pocket. I have a few good pictures of the original packets of excelsior somewhere, and I'll see if I can find them. I'd guess the stuffing might be made from shreaded wood or bark from Henry's sawmills. At least that's what the stuff looks like to me. The packets are about 12" square and as Rusty said, they had to be in place before the outer door skin was folded into place.
As far as a replacement, I'd think if you had some waterproof thick paper to form the packet, you could install that, then stuff it with excelsior or expanding foam, as long as it didn't expand enough to push the door skin outward.