They would have been Robertson screws if Henry Ford and P. L. Robertson could have come to an agreement.
"Henry Ford refused to commit to a new product line without having a say in how and where the screws would be made. P.L was not happy with this idea and headed home."
They did use phillips head screws for a brief period. Due to the fact that no one had invented the phillips head screwdriver they discontinued their use. He, He. And if you believe that one, I've got some......
Ford used Robertson (squre head) screws - a Canadian Invention (and much better screw head) - in Canadian-built Models A's and slotted head screw is the USA-built cars for the reason stated by HoarseWisperer
I believe the slot head screws were all that was available at that time. Square nuts were probably a little cheaper and had been in use for decades prior to the A. Just as an aside, I've worked on Civil War era machinery that had bolts as big as 1/2 " and slotted heads, with a counterbore.
Terry
When first used, Phillips screws were protected by a patent, as were Phillips screw drivers. I have several Phillips screwdrivers engraved with
" licensed under patent # --------." Even if invented, Henry would have been unwilling to pay the steep royalty.