Heat the stud red hot then pull the torch away and let the heat go to the bottom of the stud. Then heat it red hot again and give the heat time to soak down. As the stud cools put some wax against the side of the stud, so it melts and wicks into the threads. If the stud still breaks, then weld a washer on the stud and weld a nut on the washer. If this breaks, repeat this welded washer and nut method again. If the nut and washer breaks off a second time, then carefully center punch the exact center of the broken stud. Use a 1/8" drill bit to drill a hole down the exact center. If the top of the broken stud isn't flat you may have to hold the drill at an angle to get the hole started and kept in the center. Then use the next size drill bit to enlarge the hole. Keep going up in size by 1/32" increments until you can just start to see the edge of the threads. I then use a pick to pull out what threads I can. If you can get down a couple threads, then you can use a tap to start threading, which will usually grab the threads and move them enough so you can remove the tap and pick out some more threads. I've never had to use a heli-coil by using this method.
Just be very carefull to drill slowly and NOT break a drill bit. I have once broken a drill bit and it sure adds to the work, but still can be fixed. I then use my Dremel with a grind stone or diamond bit to grind away the drill bit.
Also use care when drilling, so you stop as soon as the bit gets through the stud. Measure an open hole to be sure you don't drill down too far and go through the closed cast hole and into the water jacket.