I wrote a paper on Re-Engineering the Model A Engine in 2007.
Do a Google search on "Re-Engineering the Model A Engine", and you should find it.
In the paper, the discussion on crankshaft design has an equation that engineers use to determine how much counterweight is needed for any engine.
The following is from that paper, however it is missing the figure (Figure 4)
Counterweight calculation is an engineering determination of how large the counterweights should be. Counterweight calculation is different than balancing. Balancing is making things equal. A stock Model A crankshaft (without counterweights) is balanced when it’s center of gravity lies along the centerline axis. Small amounts of weight are added or removed to get the center of gravity on axis. Balancing can be either static (pistons, wrist pins, and connecting rods) or dynamic in the case of things that rotate (crankshaft, flywheel, etc).
Stock Model A and 1st generation Model B crankshafts have no counterweights. The 2nd generation Model B crankshaft had integral counterweights equivalent to about 40% of modern engine standards, and the late ‘30’s factory rebuilt Model B engines had pressed on counterweights equivalent to about 60% of modern engine standards. In both cases, the counterweights are placed on one side of the connecting rod instead of being equal on both sides of the connecting rod as on a modern engine. Placing the counterweight on one side introduces cyclic bending loads into the crankshaft (deflection and fatigue) with every revolution. These cyclic loads increase as the square of the RPM. Each doubling of RPM causes loads (stresses) and deflections to increase four times.
The new crankshaft resulting from this engineering study has a pair of identical counterweights for each cylinder that are spaced equally fore and aft from the connecting rod as on a modern engine. These counterweights take care of what engineers call "first order effects" as they reduce crankshaft stress and deflection.
Picture
Figure 4, Counterweights and Crank Arm
Figure 4 is an exploded view that illustrates the pair of identical counterweights on the left and the crank arm on the right that is used for each cylinder.
The equation used to determine the amount of weight for the pair of counterweights is shown below.
CW x A = (CA x B) + (BE + .5 x SE) x C where:
CW is the weight of the pair of counterweights
A is the distance from centerline axis of crankshaft to cg of counterweights
CA is the weight of the crank arm
B is the distance from centerline axis of crankshaft to cg of crank arm
BE is the big end weight of the connecting rod
.5 is a constant (good up to ~ 7000 RPM, increases to .55 @ 18,000RPM)
SE is the small end weight of the connecting rod including weight of piston, wrist pin, and rings
C is the distance from centerline axis of crankshaft to centerline of connecting rod journal (2.125 inches), (1/2 of 4.25 in. stroke)
There was just enough room in the crankcase for the 100% counterweights if they are made from the same material as the crankshaft (ductile iron). The counterweights could become less if the crank arm, connecting rod, or piston were lighter. The counterweights could also become smaller and have the same effect if they were made of a denser material such as tungsten.