For portions of rusty metal brackets and panels to remain, I have always cleaned them down to bare metal using cheap wire-wheel attachments in an electric drill. When the wire-wheel becomes dull, just shift the drill in reverse and keep going. Repeat as needed. You can often get down to bare shiny metal.
In case of pitting, I always use acid etch on the bare metal. After all the welded patches are done, clean off slag with a wire brush and acid etch again. I suggest getting an empty tuna-fish can, bend a spout in the can and pour some acid etch in it. Then turn the fender somewhat upright allowing it to rest on a carpenters sawhorse. Then take the tuna can and pour acid etch down in between the structural bracket on the backside of the fender and your new patch panel. Allow to dry thoroughly. Use the same can to pour a quality red-oxide metal primer down into the same area. Possibly repeat for overcoat enamel. Of course a drop-cloth or newspaper on the floor will be needed. The exterior, just finish as you normally would a new metal surface with spray primer and enamel overcoat.