Resistors are not voltage dependent; they follow Ohm's Law : In this case, R=V/I, where R=resistance (ohms); I=Current (amps), and V=voltage. To figure out what you actually need, you must know something about the circuit concerned and be prepared to do a little work.
Since you mentioned a "ballast resistor", it's probably for an ignition system. For example, for a points ignition system, with 12 volts and a coil with 1.5 internal resistance, you need a 1.5 ohm ballast resistor to obtain the desired 4 amp load across the points (3=12/4); (the 3 ohms of resistance is made up of 1.5 from the coil and 1.5 from the ballast resistor.) For a 6 volt system, no ballast resistor is required; (1.5=6/4).
Generally, doing electrical work by rote is not a good idea.