There is a critical speed for a rotating part that is supported by springs. This is the speed at which the oscillations are the greatest. In a car tire this is the speed at which you will feel the greatest amount of vibration. Below the critical speed the heaviest part of the tire has the largest radius. Above the critical speed the heaviest part has the smallest radius and the lightest part now has the largest radius. So, above the critical speed the balance beads will move to the lightest part of the tire and balance the heaviest part. The system is self regulating.
As Chrs said in post #5, this all depends on the inner surface of the tire being true. I have never used the balance beads and instead balance the tires using stick on weights using the front axles with the bearings and brakes backed off. However, I discovered that the hubs are not balanced and shifting the tires on the hubs will result in a different result. So I ended up temporally balancing the hub first. But the weights will not stay on the outside of the hubs at speed so this means that even with perfectly balanced wheels and tires they are not balanced when mounted on the car. So the balance beads may be the best at speed, if the tires are perfectly round.