Volts and amps are not interchangeable concepts. Electrical theory can get complicated, but think of amps as storage and volts as push. A 6 volt battery can have lots more amps than an 8 volt battery ---- this usually shows itself in the physical size, as bigger size batteries aren't stronger but do last longer. More cranking amps means it will crank for longer (but not any faster) until it dies out.
Back to your question, you can put in an 8 volt battery if you adjust your voltage regulator to properly charge it. Yes, bulbs will be brighter and burn out faster, and your starter may spin quicker, but there is no guarantee that you'll have more cranking amps in storage to crank it for longer.
Personally, I see 8 volt batteries as a band-aid for 6 volt problems. Better to fix the problem than to just cover it up.