Safety hubs were devices that were used to retain the wheels on a pre-'49 Ford rear end in the event of a broken axle. They consisted of an aluminum casting that slipped over the inner hub from the inside. Then, a steel ring was welded on to the inner edge of the inner hub to retain the casting on the hub. The casting had two threaded holes that accepted a couple of studs about 3 inches long. To install them, you removed two of the bolts holding the backing plate on and put the studs (that had been screwed into the aluminum casting) through these holes. Nuts and lock washers were screwed onto the studs to retain the whole thing. You can usually tell if you have safety hubs by checking to see if there are two studs protruding from the back if the axle flange. I had a set of these on a drag car I had in the '60's.
After all of this, I doubt this is the problem, because the hubs would have "popped loose", but would just not be able to be removed.