King Seeley made automotive temperature, fluid quantity, and pressure gauge & indicating systems for a number of manufacturers back in the 6-volt and early 12-volt era. They have a heating coil and a bi-metallic breaker unit in the sender and just a heater & bi-metallic strip in the indicator unit. They work off deflection of the sender by either pressure or temperature methods. For pressure & quantity senders the bi-metallic has pressure acting on it through a diaphragm. For temperature, it only needs a rise or drop in temperature to affect a bi-metallic strip. The breaker sends a variable current to the indicator which reacts to the current sent for an indicator needle movement.
This system has less chance for wear and electrical open or short condition than a resistance type potentiometer movement so it makes it more reliable. Many of the senders just need the points to be cleaned to restore function.
Checking ohms only measures the value of the heating element if anything at all.