The door lock in the door and the interior door lock are independent from each other. One locks the door from the outside to keep you out, the other locks the door from the inside to keep you in. The exterior door lock trips a tumbler shaft that blocks the handle from moving to outside lock the door. When inside the car for security, the inside door opener handles are rotated to the lock position and this pushes the control rod link rearward blocking the latch plunger strap from moving forward and opening off the door striker.
As you have determined there are L and R door latch controllers. If your control rods have been swapped or lost and you have to determine the side, remember the handle points downward and the handle pushes forward to open. When the handle is pulled rearward the "s" spring should lock into a low point in the handle control to form the lock hold, if it just slides up a ramp it is for the opposite side.