Plate glass when broken often has big shards that can cut deep enough to kill.
Safety plate was developed to mitigate that issue, Ford was one of the first car companies to adopt safety plate. It is still used on windshields today as it will crack with impact but (hopefully) not have unattached shards to injure. Tempered glass is much harder to break but shatters into little balls that usually only are able to cause minor injury.
Tempered glass is not allowed in US/Canada on windshields because the benefits of cracking with shards retained by the plastic liner vs shattering with impact, is perceived as safer than the danger of losing a windshield at speed due to a stray rock.
My understanding, in the US, safety plate or tempered is OK for side windows. IMHO tempered is a better choice as it tends not to crack when flexed as in when a window is half open and a door slammed or closed by a hand on the middle of the glass. A situation where being able to break the glass to get out a window is rare at best. The damage has to be severe enough so the window does not roll down, you cannot be hurt enough so you can attempt to get out the window, and you have to be small enough go through the window. That said, safety glass can be kicked out, tempered unlikely (though a spring loaded center punch in a corner will shatter one).
In todays cars the big difference between safety plate and tempered for side windows is it is more expensive to make safety plate curved than it is to make tempered. Flat, safety plate tends to be less expensive.