Thank you everyone for your help, and retrospectively it turned out to be the problem with the collar on the oil pump drive gear assembly. I say retrospectively, because I now have another, seemingly worse problem. The stainless-steel distributor shaft is now firmly jammed into the top of the pump drive gear.
I cleaned around the collar and inserted the shaft, not noticing that it was positioned 180° from where it should be (at this point I wasn't thinking straight). When I tried lifting the shaft out to rotate it into the proper position, it wouldn't budge. No matter how hard I pull on it (using a double-X extended reach needle nose pliers), I cannot get it to come loose. Now my question is this... If I remove the valve cover (this is a "B" block engine), will I be able to access the collar from underneath and pry the distributor shaft and drive gear assembly apart? I don't care if I damage the drive gear or shaft in the process because I plan to replace them both anyway. What I'm trying to avoid is getting under the car to remove the oil pan and slide the whole pump out. I have physical limitations preventing me from getting under the car. Thanks in advance for your help.