I concur with the U-joint being most likely culprit. 'Been there and the symptoms matched yours. If you don't feel the vibration while accelerating, but do feel vibration when you back off the throttle, the U-joint is probably bad. What happens is while the engine is accelerating, pressure (torque) is applied to the two U-joint halves so that they push against each other, taking up any slop. But when you back off the throttle, the U-joint halves resume their "neutral" relational positions and vibrate because they are loose, either because the rivets have gone bad or because the shanks are worn inside their bores. I'm not sure I explained that clearly, but I think you get the idea.
Loose pinion gear nuts can also cause noise and vibration. A car I restored for a friend a few years ago developed noise and a vibration that could be isolated to the front of the rear axle pumpkin. Upon disassembly, it became evident that the repo pinion gear lock washer's "ears" were too short and didn't hold when I had hammered them over the nuts. My bad. I thought they would hold, but clearly didn't. So, the front nut loosened, followed by the second nut = noise because the drive shaft and pinion gear were bouncing around against the ring gear teeth. Vibration was also noted, although the noise was the major complaint, more of a clunking sound that telegraphed up to the steering wheel. The noise and vibration were present both during acceleration and deceleration, unlike with the U-joint. Use that as your litmus test to determine whether the problem is the U-joint or loose pinion nuts. No matter which is at fault, that rear end is coming out!
Marshall